Violencia e inseguridad contextual percibida y roles en bullying en escolares mexicanos / Violence, perceived insecurity in the context and roles in bullying among mexican scholars

Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico realizado con 2201 niños y adolescentes, estudiantes de primaria, secundaria y preparatoria de México con el objetivo de analizar la relación entre sus percepciones de violencia del país y su municipio, inseguridad en su colonia y escuela y su rol en bullying escolar: observador, víctima o acosador. En México existen dos preocupantes fenómenos: la violencia vinculada al narcotráfico y los eventos de bullying escolar y en este trabajo se buscó aportar a explicar sus posibles relaciones. Se usó un cuestionario autoaplicado en línea y análisis estadístico con Ji cuadrado y regresión logística encontrando algunas asociaciones significativas entre la violencia, inseguridad percibida y los roles en bullying. Las variables contextuales como la violencia deben considerarse en programas de prevención y atención del bullying...

[Physical activity, sedentary behavior and quality of life in undergraduate adolescents of Ciudad Guzman, State of Jalisco, Mexico]. / Actividad física, conductas sedentarias y calidad de vida en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México.

With the aim of evaluating the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with quality of life (QoL) in undergraduate students of Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, a total of 881 adolescents aged between 17 and 19 were studied. Online questionnaires were used, namely the research version of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Odd ratios (OR) were obtained using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The number of days with physical activity was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Playing in > 2 sports teams was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Having 4-5 physical education classes/week was related with a higher general QoL domain. Limiting recreational screen time to < 2 hours/day was related with a higher relationship domain. In conclusion, in Mexican undergraduate adolescent students, higher QoL was associated with: physical activity at least 4 days/week; physical education classes 4 or more days/week; playing in 2 or more sports teams and limiting recreational screen time to 2 hours or less.

Actividad física, conductas sedentarias y calidad de vida en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México / Physical activity, sedentary behavior and quality of life in undergraduate adolescents of Ciudad Guzman, State of Jalisco, Mexico

Con el objeto de evaluar la asociación de la actividad física y conductas sedentarias con la calidad de vida en universitarios en Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México, se estudiaron 881 adolescentes de 17-19 años de edad. Se utilizaron los cuestionarios en línea: Youth Quality of Life Instrument Research versión y el Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Se obtuvo razón de momios [RM] mediante regresión logística simple y múltiple. El número de días de actividad física se relacionó con el índice total superior, dominios general superior, personal superior y ambiental superior. Jugar en > 2 equipos deportivos se relacionó con el índice total superior, dominio general superior, dominio personal superior y dominio ambiental superior. Tener 4-5 clases de educación física a la semana se relacionó con el dominio general superior. Pasar dos o menos horas al día frente a la pantalla se relacionó con el dominio relacional superior. En conclusión, en los universitarios adolescentes mexicanos se asoció a indicadores de mejor calidad de vida, el realizar actividad física 4 o más días a la semana, asistir a clases de educación física 4 o 5 semanales, participar en 2 o más equipos deportivos y pasar menos de 2 horas diarias horas frente a pantallas en actividades recreativas.

With the aim of evaluating the association between physical activity and sedentary behavior with quality of life (QoL) in undergraduate students of Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, a total of 881 adolescents aged between 17 and 19 were studied. Online questionnaires were used, namely the research version of the Youth Quality of Life Instrument and the Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Odd ratios (OR) were obtained using simple and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The number of days with physical activity was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Playing in > 2 sports teams was related to a higher total perceptual score, higher general QoL domain, higher self domain as well as higher environment domain. Having 4-5 physical education classes/week was related with a higher general QoL domain. Limiting recreational screen time to < 2 hours/day was related with a higher relationship domain. In conclusion, in Mexican undergraduate adolescent students, higher QoL was associated with: physical activity at least 4 days/week; physical education classes 4 or more days/week; playing in 2 or more sports teams and limiting recreational screen time to 2 hours or less.

[Perceived or BMI-measured overweight and weight control behaviors in undergraduate adolescents from Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México]. / Sobrepeso medido por IMC o percibido y comportamientos de control del peso en adolescentes universitarios de Ciudad Guzmán, Jalisco, México.

The aim was to evaluate associations between weight control behaviors and overweight measured by BMI, overweight perception or inaccurate weight perception. 492 undergraduate adolescents from 17 to 19 years old participated in the study. A self-administered questionnaire on line was applied and weight and height were measured. Statistical analysis included weighted kappa and multivariate logistic regression. The concordance between weight perception and that evaluated by BMI was 78.7%, weight kappa = 0.62. Adolescents who perceived overweight tried to lose weight, exercised and ate less food more frequently than those who were overweight evaluated by BMI. A quarter tried to lose weight eventhough they did not perceive or were actually overweight. The odds of trying to lose weight were higher in men and women who perceived overweight (OR = 18.7, CI 95% 6.3-55.3 and OR = 10.4, IC 95% 4.5-24.2, respectively) andwomen who overestimated overweight (OR = 6.0, CI 95% 2.8-12.7). The odds of tying to lose weight when weight was underestimated were less in men (OR = 0.03, CI 95% 0.01-0.12) and women (OR = 0.19, IC 95% 0.05-0.70). In conclusion the behavior of trying to lose weight was better explained among adolescents of both genders who perceived overweight and among girls who overestimated it.

Percepción del peso corporal, comportamiento de control de peso y calidad de vida en adolescentes mexicanos estudiantes de secundaria / Body weight perception, weight control behavior and quality of life in Mexican adolescents of secondary school

Este estudio transversal analizó la asociación de la percepción del peso corporal y el comportamiento alimentario de control de peso con la calidad de vida (CV) por género, en 563 estudiantes de secundaria (edad x‾ = 13.3, DE = 0.94) de todos los grados de nueve secundarias de la región del sur de Jalisco realizado en 2010. Eran 51.9% varones, 19.8% del total trabajaban. Se auto-administró en línea un cuestionario de CV (YQOL-R) módulo perceptual, y cinco ítems acerca del peso adaptados del 2009 Middle School YRBS. Estadística: chi cuadrada, t de Student, p de Spearman y ANOVA, T2 de Tamhane. Resultados: CV más alta para peso percibido cercano al correcto, respecto a bajo peso y sobrepeso; correlación negativa entre CV y percepción del peso (sobrepeso r s = -.22; bajo peso r s = -.16); CV más baja en quienes trataban de mantenerse en su peso en muestra total y en mujeres respecto a las que querían mantenerlo. Concluimos que el comportamiento alimentario está asociado de manera importante a la percepción del peso y ambos a la calidad de vida, y el género es fundamental para comprender las variables estudiadas.

This cross-sectional study analyzed by gender the association between body weight perception and weight control behavior with quality of life (QL) in 563 middle school students (age x‾ = 13.3, SD = 0.94), from all grades of nine middle schools of South region of Jalisco state realized in 2010. There were 51.9% boys and 19.8% worked. A self-administered questionnaire on line was used (YQOL-R), perceptual module, and five items of body weight adapted from 2009 Middle School YRBS. Statistical analysis included chi squared, Student t test, Spearman correlation, ANOVA and Tamhane's T2. Results: QOL was higher in normal weight perception category than low weight or overweight perception categories; a negative correlation between QOL and weight perception was observed (overweight r s = -.22; low weight r s = -.16); QOL was lower in those who tried to maintain weight in total sample and in girls in relation to those who tried to maintained it. We concluded that weight control behavior is associated with weight perception and both are associated with quality of life. Gender was important to understand the variables studied.

[Quality of life according to self-perceived weight, weight control behaviors, and gender among adolescent university students in Mexico]. / Calidad de vida, según percepción y comportamientos de control del peso por género, en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes en México.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to analyze quality of life (QoL) according to self-perceived weight and weight control behaviors, by gender. The sample consisted of 2,401 adolescent students (17-19 years of age) enrolled from 2007 to 2009 at a Mexican university; 61.9% were women, 19.4% worked, and 99.2% were single. An online self-administered questionnaire was used that included the perceptual module of the YQOL-R and seven items on body weight, adapted from YRBS 2007. RESULTS: 52% of women and 31.7% of men were attempting to lose weight. The highest QoL scores were in students who felt they were near the right weight, those who were attempting to maintain the same weight, and those who exercised. Lowest QoL was reported by those who considered themselves overweight, were trying to lose weight, were eating less, were skipping meals, or were using unsupervised dieting, vomiting, or laxatives. In women, QoL differed between those maintaining the same weight, gaining weight, and losing weight, while QoL in men only differed for those attempting to gain weight. The findings could be useful in educational processes, preventive programs, and assessment of interventions.

Calidad de vida, según percepción y comportamientos de control del peso por género, en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes en México / Quality of life according to self-perceived weight, weight control behaviors, and gender among adolescent university students in Mexico

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la calidad de vida (CV), según auto percepción del peso corporal y comportamientos de control de peso, por género, en 2.401 estudiantes de 17 a 19 años de primer ingreso en un centro universitario en México del 2007 al 2009; 61,9 por ciento mujeres, 80,6 por ciento no trabajaban y 99,2 por ciento solteros. Se auto administró en línea un cuestionario genérico de CV (YQOL-R) módulo perceptual, y siete ítems acerca del peso adaptados del YRBS 2007. Se observó que un 52 por ciento de mujeres y un 31,7 por ciento de hombres trataba de bajar de peso. CV más alta para peso cercano al correcto, quienes trataban de mantenerse en su peso y los que hacían ejercicio; CV más baja para quienes reportaron mucho sobrepeso, mujeres que trataban de bajar de peso, comían menos, dejaban de comer, hacían dieta sin supervisión, vomitaban o tomaban laxantes. En mujeres la CV fue diferente si trataban de mantenerse, subir o bajar de peso; en hombres sólo al tratar de subir. Esta información puede ser de utilidad para procesos educativos, programas de prevención y para evaluar las intervenciones.

The aim of this study was to analyze quality of life (QoL) according to self-perceived weight and weight control behaviors, by gender. The sample consisted of 2,401 adolescent students (17-19 years of age) enrolled from 2007 to 2009 at a Mexican university; 61.9 percent were women, 19.4 percent worked, and 99.2 percent were single. An online self-administered questionnaire was used that included the perceptual module of the YQOL-R and seven items on body weight, adapted from YRBS 2007. RESULTS: 52 percent of women and 31.7 percent of men were attempting to lose weight. The highest QoL scores were in students who felt they were near the right weight, those who were attempting to maintain the same weight, and those who exercised. Lowest QoL was reported by those who considered themselves overweight, were trying to lose weight, were eating less, were skipping meals, or were using unsupervised dieting, vomiting, or laxatives. In women, QoL differed between those maintaining the same weight, gaining weight, and losing weight, while QoL in men only differed for those attempting to gain weight. The findings could be useful in educational processes, preventive programs, and assessment of interventions.

[Risk behavior due to alcohol consumption and quality of life in university students]. / Comportamiento de riesgo por consumo de alcohol y calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios.

Objective: to measure the risky behavior (RB) to alcohol consumption, the quality of life (QOL) and the association between both. Methods: a censal sample of 380 students (first year adolescents who entered a University Center in 2006) completed a self-administered on-line questionnaire based on the Spanish version of Youth Quality of Life- Research version (YQRL-R) perceptive module with four domains (general, personal, relationship, environment) and the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance YRBS 2007 from which it took four variables related to alcohol use and in addition sociodemographic variables. Logistic Regression Multinomial models were used to assess interaction effects and predict QOL based on RB by gender, employment and socioeconomic position. Results: we found that 60.5 % had drunk in the last 30 days and 24.1 % had a drinking binge, 40.1 % were in a car with a drunk driver and 12.4 % had driven a car after drinking. In QOL, the YQOL-R domain with smaller score was personal and we did not find differences by gender (p > 0.05). Conclusions: the alcohol use was associated to QOL in men, workers and with a middle-high and high socioeconomic position.

Objetivo: evaluar los comportamientos de riesgo de consumo de alcohol y su asociación con la calidad de vida. Métodos: a 380 estudiantes de 18 años y menos, que ingresaron al Centro Universitario del Sur en Guadalajara se les aplicó un instrumento basado en el Youth Quality of Life-Research Version (YQOL-R), con cuatro dominios, y en el Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, del cual se tomaron cuatro variables sobre consumo de alcohol y variables sociodemográficas. Con modelos de regresión logística multinomial se estableció la asociación y predicción de la calidad de vida a partir de los comportamientos de riesgo por sexo, trabajo y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: en los 30 días previos a la aplicación de los cuestionarios, 60.5 % de los estudiantes bebió y 24.2 % bebió intensamente, 41.1 % anduvo en un automóvil con un chofer que bebió y 12.4 % manejó bebido. En la calidad de vida, el índice total fue de 88.70 y el dominio del YQOL-R con menor índice fue el personal (84.05). Conclusiones: los modelos de comportamiento de riesgo de consumo de alcohol se asociaron con calidad de vida en los hombres, en quienes trabajan y en quienes tienen nivel socioeconómico alto, explicando 62, 85.9 y 55.7 % de la varianza, respectivamente.

[Changes in risk behaviors according to gender in a cohort of high school students]. / Cambios de comportamientos de riesgo según género en una cohorte de estudiantes de preparatoria.

Objective: to analyze changes on risk behavior (RB) by gender in an adolescent student's cohort. Methods: online questionnaire based on YRBSS of CDC with 36 RB was applied in two periods (2003, 2005) to 115 students aged 15 to 19 from High School. Statistics: McNemar and binomial. Results: significant decrease in relation to RB frequency about suicide (general), carry weapons (general and men) and friends fights (general and women), significant increase of RB frequency about alcohol consumption (general and both genders), not quitting (men), non vegetable consumption (general), not condom use (general and women) not using contraceptives (general and women) and alcohol and drugs consumption in car (general). With inadequate exercise and there were contrary trends; with drugs use and sexual violence there was no change. Conclusions: adolescents from both genders start High School with similar profile of wide frequency of RB in both genders, there were only nine significant changes, and six did not have. Few changes by gender were observed, there was an increase in unsafe sex practices and alcohol consumption in women.

Objetivo: analizar el cambio de comportamientos de riesgo y género en estudiantes de 15 a 19 años de edad de una escuela preparatoria. Métodos: en 2003 y 2005 se aplicó un cuestionario en línea, voluntario y confidencial, a 115 estudiantes, basado en Youth risk behavior surveillance system del Center for Disease Control and Prevention con 36 indicadores. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con pruebas de McNemar y binomial. Resultados: disminución significativa de comportamientos de riesgo en suicidio (muestra total), portación de armas (total y hombres) e involucramiento en peleas (total y mujeres), y aumento significativo en necesidad y consumo de alcohol (total y ambos sexos), no dejar de fumar (hombres), no consumir verduras (total), no usar condón (total y mujeres), no usar anticonceptivos (total y mujeres), y consumir alcohol o drogas en vehículos (total). En ejercicio inadecuado hubo tendencias contrarias; en consumo de drogas y violencia sexual no hubo cambios. Conclusiones: se ingresó con amplio rango de frecuencia de comportamientos de riesgo en ambos sexos; hubo nueve cambios significativos (25 %), dos tercios negativos. Preocupa el incremento de los comportamientos de riesgo en sexo inseguro y consumo de alcohol en mujeres.

Tobacco consumption and motives for use in Mexican university students.

Increased tobacco consumption, especially among adolescents and females, has been observed recently in Mexico. The goal of this study is to describe tobacco consumption and motives for use among university students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed using data provided by 282 students aged 15-24 studying at the University of Guadalajara's University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS). A validated online survey was applied. The study was voluntary, anonymous, and confidential; 65.5% of respondents were 20-24 years of age (65.4% were females). Students in the upper-middle socioeconomic level comprised 64.5% of respondents; 22.3% of students had smoked during the previous month, and 22% felt a deep need to smoke during the past year. The motives for smoking varied. Dealing with problematic emotional behavior was the reason given by 75.6% of smokers; 20.7% of smokers claimed their smoking was a reasoned action, as they had healthy friends who smoked. Motives for not smoking also varied; that smoking was harmful was cited by 47.7% of respondents. The view that smoking was a problematic form of behavior was held by 46.2% of nonsmokers; 29% of students had no access to cigarettes. No differences in response frequencies were found between males and females.

[Validity and reliability of a questionnaire to asses the social, corporal, and sexual behaviors among school adolescents]. / Validación de un cuestionario para el estudio del comportamiento sexual, social y corporal, de adolescentes escolares.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a self-administered questionnaire about social and corporal sexual behaviors among adolescents, by school level and gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data collection instrument was constructed according to DeVellis and consisted of 26 items. It was used in a prospective longitudinal study conducted in 1994 in Guadalajara, Mexico, among 1243 secondary and high school students. The construct validity of the instrument was established using exploratory factorial analysis, and its reliability using the Cronbach's alpha test. RESULTS: Five factors were obtained in males and an equal number in women, using eigenvalues > 1 and by forcing the best solution. The explained variance was 59.3-70.6%; the factorial weight average was 0.63-0.75, and 13 different factors were selected. The Cronbach's alpha mean was 0.87-0.93 and 16 factors had Cronbach's alpha over 0.70. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument has an acceptable validity and reliability for studying the sexual, social, and corporal behaviors in adolescents similar populations.

[Objective and subjective knowledge of HIV/AIDS as predictor of condom use in adolescents]. / Conocimiento objetivo y subjetivo sobre el VIH/SIDA como predictor del uso de condón en adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between objective and subjective knowledge on HIV/AIDS and condom use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of a database from an anonymous, self-applied, randomized survey conducted between 1995 and 1996. Study subjects were 1,410 adolescents of four socioeconomic strata from Guadalajara, Mexico. Objective knowledge was assessed with 24 questions regarding HIV/AIDS, and subjective knowledge with the question "how much do you think you know about HIV/AIDS?" The variables associated with condom use were identified using logistic regression analysis and by calculating odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: The degree of objective knowledge was "average", differentiated by socioeconomic strata (p < 0.001), and was higher in adolescents from medium and high socioeconomic strata (p < 0.008). Regarding subjective knowledge, adolescents from the low, medium, and high socioeconomic strata claimed to know "a little", and the ones from the lowest stratum claimed to know "very little". Condom use was higher in males (35.4%), and in adolescents from high socioeconomic strata (p < 0.005), than in females (15.3%) (p < 0.001). Although there was a correlation between objective and subjective knowledge (r = 0.37, p < 0.001), a higher degree of subjective knowledge was associated with condom use (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Subjective knowledge, belonging to medium and high socioeconomic strata and being male, were predictors of condom use.

[STD/AIDS-related practices and occupational risk factors in adolescent hotel workers in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico]. / Comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA en adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta y su asociación con el ambiente laboral.

OBJECTIVE: To assess STI/AIDS risk behaviors and occupational risk factors among adolescent hotel workers in Puerto Vallarta. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comparative cross-sectional study conducted in 1998, among 288 workers adolescents of 38 hotels in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico. Variables were collected on working conditions, environmental conditions, STI/AIDS risk behaviors, and sociodemographic characteristics. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive and multivariate techniques: t test, OR, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Study subjects had a mean age of 17.7 years; 71.5% were males. Fifty-three percent had active sexual relations; 93.6% of them had one or more STI/AIDS risk behaviors. Inadequate condom use was found in 77.3%, and 41% drank alcoholic beverages before intercourse. Promiscuity was reported by 29.9%, and anal relations by 9.2%. Associated factors were: perception of a sexually-arousing environment (OR 2.36), alcohol drinking by peers (OR 2.52) and guests (OR 2.60) before sexual intercourse, hotel rules allowing tourist guests in hotel rooms (OR 4.46). Confounding variables were: male gender (OR 3.14), being married or in common law (OR 21.19), and being 18-19 years of age (OR 3.11). CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of STI/AIDS risk behaviors among adolescent hotel workers is associated to specific environmental factors.

Evaluación de la calidad de la información en Internet: estado del arte y consideraciones para su aplicación en la BVS Adolec México / Assessment of the quality of the information available in Internet: state of the art and considerations for its application in the Adolescent Health Virtual Libary, Mexico

Objetivo: Presentar el estado del arte en cuanto a las propuestas y criterios para evaluar la calidad de la información que se difunde en Internet, en particular, aquella relacionada con el campo de la salud. Métodos: Se empleó un diseño cualitativo con un acercamiento de investigación documental. A partir de la consulta de diversos motores de búsqueda y bases de datos en línea, se obtuvieron más de 200 documentos. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido temático a los documentos seleccionados y se identificaron las propuestas existentes. Resultados: Las propuestas para la evaluación de la calidad de los recursos en la red se clasifican de la siguiente forma: a) propuestas de criterios para evaluar los recursos de la red, b) referencias o guías de autores y sitios que evalúan los recursos, c) evaluación de recursos y creación de índices para su consulta, y d) propuestas de evaluación de materiales no tradicionales. Conclusiones: Existe una gran cantidad de propuestas para la evaluación de la calidad de los recursos disponibles en Internet sin clasificar y sistematizar. Se identificaron los diferentes tipos de propuestas y sus características. Esto permitirá establecer las bases para asegurar la calidad de los recursos en la biblioteca virtual en salud sobre adolescentes en México(AU)

Evaluación de la calidad de la información en Internet: estado del arte y consideraciones para su aplicación en la BVS Adolec México / Assessment of the quality of the information available in Internet: state of the art and considerations for its application in the Adolescent Health Virtual Libary, Mexico

Objetivo: Presentar el estado del arte en cuanto a las propuestas y criterios para evaluar la calidad de la información que se difunde en Internet, en particular, aquella relacionada con el campo de la salud. Métodos: Se empleó un diseño cualitativo con un acercamiento de investigación documental. A partir de la consulta de diversos motores de búsqueda y bases de datos en línea, se obtuvieron más de 200 documentos. Se aplicó un análisis de contenido temático a los documentos seleccionados y se identificaron las propuestas existentes. Resultados: Las propuestas para la evaluación de la calidad de los recursos en la red se clasifican de la siguiente forma: a) propuestas de criterios para evaluar los recursos de la red, b) referencias o guías de autores y sitios que evalúan los recursos, c) evaluación de recursos y creación de índices para su consulta, y d) propuestas de evaluación de materiales no tradicionales. Conclusiones: Existe una gran cantidad de propuestas para la evaluación de la calidad de los recursos disponibles en Internet sin clasificar y sistematizar. Se identificaron los diferentes tipos de propuestas y sus características. Esto permitirá establecer las bases para asegurar la calidad de los recursos en la biblioteca virtual en salud sobre adolescentes en México

[Efficiency of ambulatory services for female adolescent]. / Eficiencia de los servicios de atención ambulatoria de la adolescente.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness conditions of ambulatory services for female adolescent within Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, (Mexican Institute of Social Security) in Colima State, Mexico. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 medical units of Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Colima District, from June 2001 to June 2002. Data were collected using applied questionnaire Evaluation of ambulatory services for adolescents: effectiveness conditions of the Pan American Health Organization, the information collected included eight divisions with the mayor importance areas for the function services. We estimated frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: By 14 possible activities, 1 of the 10 units does not achieve anything, 3 achieved one to tree, and 6 achieved four to nine activities. CONCLUSIONS. The conditions of effectiveness of ambulatory services for female adolescent were under of the minor limit in seven of the eight evaluated areas.

Validación de un cuestionario para el estudio del comportamiento sexual, social y corporal, de adolescentes escolares / Validity and reliability of an instrument for assessing the social, and corporal sexual behaviors among school adolescents

OBJETIVO: Validar un cuestionario autoadministrado de comportamientos sexuales, sociales y corporales para adolescentes por nivel escolar y género. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Instrumento de 26 preguntas construido según DeVellis, aplicado en un estudio longitudinal prospectivo, hecho en 1994 a 1 243 alumnos y alumnas de secundaria y preparatoria en Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Validez de constructo establecida por análisis factorial exploratorio y la confiabilidad por la prueba Alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Aparecen cinco factores en hombres usando valores propios (eigenvalue) >1 y cinco en mujeres, forzando la mejor solución. Veinte factores explican entre 59.3 y 70.6 por ciento de varianza, con promedio de pesos factoriales de 0.63- 0.75, y con 13 factores diferentes. El promedio de Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.87-0.93 y en 16 factores hubo valores de Alpha de 0.71 o más. CONCLUSIONES: Cuestionario para poblaciones equivalentes con validez de constructo y confiabilidad interna aceptables

Conocimiento objetivo y subjetivo sobre el VIH/SIDA como predictor del uso de condón en adolescentes / Objective and subjective knowledge on HIV/AIDS as predictors of condom use in adolescents

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la asociación de conocimientos objetivo y subjetivo sobre VIH/SIDA con el uso del condón. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó la base de datos de una encuesta aleatoria, anónima y autoaplicada en 1 410 adolescentes de cuatro estratos socioeconómicos de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, entre 1995 y 1996. El conocimiento objetivo se evaluó mediante 24 preguntas sobre VIH/SIDA y el "subjetivo" con la pregunta: "¿qué tanto crees conocer sobre el SIDA?" Las variables predictoras del uso del condón se identificaron mediante regresión logística y cálculo de la razón de momios con IC 95 por ciento. RESULTADOS: El nivel de conocimiento objetivo fue regular y tuvo diferencias por estratos (p< 0.001) favoreciendo al medio y superior (p= 0.008). Del conocimiento subjetivo, los de estratos alto, medio y bajo percibieron saber "algo", y los del marginado "poco". Los varones dijeron usar más el condón (35.4 por ciento) que las mujeres (15.3 por ciento) (p< 0.001), y los de estratos superiores (p< 0.005). Aunque conocimiento objetivo y subjetivo se correlacionaron (r= 0.37, p< 0.001), un mayor conocimiento subjetivo se asoció con el uso del condón (p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONES: Conocimiento subjetivo, pertenecer al estrato alto o medio y ser varón, predijeron el uso constante del condón. Su uso fue diferencial por género y estrato socioeconómico

Comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA en adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta y su asociación con el ambiente laboral / STI/AIDS-related practices and occupational risk factors in adolescent hotel workers in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico

OBJETIVO: Explorar comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/ SIDA de adolescentes trabajadores de hoteles de Puerto Vallarta, México, y su asociación con el ambiente laboral. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, comparativo, en una población de 288 adolescentes trabajadores durante 1998 en 38 hoteles de Puerto Vallarta. Variables: condición laboral, situación ambiental, comportamiento de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, características sociodemográficas. Estadísticas descriptivas, asociativas y predictivas: t test, RM y regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Edad promedio 17.7 años; 71.5 por ciento hombres; activos sexualmente 53 por ciento; con uno o más comportamientos de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, (93.6 por ciento): nunca o raramente usa condón (77.3.1 por ciento); beber antes de relaciones sexuales (41 por ciento); promiscuidad (29.9 por ciento), y relaciones anales (9.2 por ciento). Factores asociados: percibir el ambiente estimulante para relaciones sexuales (RM 2.36); beber antes de coito: compañeros (RM 2.52) y huéspedes (RM 2.60); norma de poder invitar huéspedes al cuarto (RM 4.46); Variables confusoras: género masculino (RM 3.14), casados o en unión libre (RM 21.19) y 18-19 años (RM 3.11). CONCLUSIONES: Hay alta frecuencia de comportamiento de riesgo de ITS/SIDA, asociados con algunos factores ambientales